Overview of the HRW Report

Recently, Human Rights Watch released a report titled “Hopeless, Starving, and Besieged,” shedding light on the systematic forced displacement of Palestinians in Gaza. This report outlines the humanitarian crisis and legal transgressions amidst these displacements.

Background and Context

Events Leading to the Displacement

On October 7, 2023, devastating attacks by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza targeted southern Israel, subsequently instigating a rigorous military response from Israeli forces. The result has been massive bombings and a tightened blockade of Gaza, plunging the region into a severe humanitarian crisis.

Magnitude of Displacement

Scale and Impact on Gaza’s Population

As of October 2024, approximately 1.9 million Palestinians, constituting nearly 90% of Gaza’s population, have been displaced. This crisis represents one of the largest displacements seen in recent history, with extensive evacuations reported by the United Nations, exacerbating ongoing humanitarian challenges.

Violations of International Law

Legal Framework and Israel’s Actions

International humanitarian law prohibits the forced relocation of civilians within occupied territories unless imperative for their safety or urgent military purposes. Human Rights Watch findings indicate Israel’s actions do not adhere to these stipulations, as the displacements lack justification under international law.

Israeli Evacuation Orders

Challenges and Inaccuracies in Evacuation

Throughout the crisis, Israeli authorities have issued evacuation orders that are often inconsistent and delayed, causing confusion and risk to civilian safety. These orders inadequately addressed individuals with disabilities and others unable to evacuate promptly, further complicating the crisis.

Destruction of Infrastructure

Targeted Demolitions

Israel has executed deliberate demolitions of homes and essential civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, and agricultural lands. This strategy appears designed to create buffer zones and security corridors, from which Palestinians might be permanently displaced.

Accusations of Ethnic Cleansing

Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity

The HRW report accuses Israel of committing acts akin to ethnic cleansing, perpetuating the permanent displacement of Palestinians. These actions, categorically identified as crimes against humanity, are premised on the systematic and intentional nature of the displacements.

Statements by Israeli Officials

Policy Intentions and Public Declarations

Statements by senior Israeli officials, including government ministers and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hint at an official policy to forcibly displace Palestinians. Remarks like “We are now rolling out the Gaza Nakba” by Israel’s Minister of Agriculture and Food Security signal attempts to alter Gaza’s demographics and land tenure.

Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza

Consequences of the Blockade and Military Actions

The ongoing blockade and military activities have led to dire shortages of food, water, and sanitation, imperiling the lives of civilians trapped in affected areas like Jabalia. The destruction of critical infrastructure and the obstruction of humanitarian supplies have further deepened the crisis.

International Response and Recommendations

Global Reactions and Proposed Measures

In response, HRW has proposed targeted sanctions, suspension of arms transfers, and an ICC investigation into Israel’s actions regarding forced displacement. Despite this, the US has opted not to suspend military assistance to Israel, although there is a 30-day ultimatum to increase humanitarian aid access.